ADHD is a complex and challenging concept. Its core symptoms are poor ability to sustain attention, iinpulsivity, and overactivity. Although theories of ADHD are still a subject of debate, some of the leading models have proposed that cognitive factors such as causal attributions may play an important role in the disorder. A review of studies on causal attributions and ADHD revealed that the methodology employed to assess attributions may result in significant differences. Despite this, findings suggested that both explanations and treatments for ADHD may carry a variety of subtle messages which clinicians should take into account in their practice. The second chapter explored the perceptions and beliefs of children with ADHD of their condition. Participants tended to attribute their difficulties to ADHD, which they believed was the result of some physical/biological impairment. In line with this belief, the main solution identified was medication. Furthermore, ADHD was reported to have a damaging impact on participant's interpersonal relationships. The third paper examined the relation between mood, self-esteem and causal attributions of children with ADHD for their difficulties. Findings revealed that internal attributions were associated with higher depressive symptomatology and lower self-concept. Results from both empirical papers strongly suggest that attributions should inform the assessment and treatment of children with ADHD. Finally, dilemmas and doubts which emerged during my research journey are reflected upon in the last chapter.