Title:
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Douglarisation and the politics of Indian/African relations in Trinidad writing
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This thesis investigates the negotiation of national, ethnic and gender identity among Indians and Africans in a geographically and historically specific, post-colonial location. I investigate the process of Indian/African interaction through a modality of hybridity called douglarisation, which is extrapolated from Indian/African inter-racial or dougla identity. I argue that ethical considerations of douglarisation and dougla identity have been so consistently and steadfastly reinforced in Trinidad culture over the last fifty years, and perhaps even longer, that these can be creatively extrapolated for theoretical and political benefit. Further, I argue that dougla feminism, proposed by Shalini Pun (1997) and Rosanne Kanhai (1999a), and extended here, provides an opportunity to address the various ways in which women's sexuality is deployed in Indian/African antagonism. In exploring these analytical possibilities, I suggest ways in which dougla feminism connects with other analyses that are currently circulating in intellectual and creative writings by Indian and African women. Locating these continuities is critical because dougla feminism, having emerged from Indian women's considerations of their gendered and ethnic identity, is at risk of being coopted for a narrow Indian cultural nationalism that sets itself in opposition to African creole nationalism. My understanding of dougla feminism guards against an Indo-centric cultural nationalism and instead privileges cross-cultural interaction while confronting Indian/African antagonisms. I also argue that dougla feminism can elaborate gendered fictional representations of Indian/African relations and I demonstrate this in my readings of the works under scrutiny.
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