One of the many issues currently confronting the Church of England is the role of music in worship. It is not a new debate, but has been brought into sharper focus in recent years in the wake of liturgical change. After examining the fundamental issues of the debate, the author considers them in the context of the present day. Other current matters of concern will also be discussed. The effects of liturgical change are then considered. The discussion is then widened to include: - a review of current hymnals and psalters; - a survey of the courses and qualifications in church music available in Great Britain; - three case studies demonstrating the problems that can arise when clergy and church musicians are in conflict; - a review of surveys in church music undertaken since 1950. The main work comprises a detailed survey by questionnaire to the priest-in-charge and organist at almost half the churches in a large diocese (that of Oxford). This yields an overall picture of: - respondents' personal backgrounds and general attitudes; - respondents' perceptions, both objective and subjective, of the situation at their church, and of each other. From these varied strands are drawn certain conclusions for improving clergy-organist relationships, and suggestions for further research in the subject.