Title:
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Monarchy as an issue in English political argument during the French Revolutionary era.
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This thesis examines the treatment of monarchy in extraparliamentary
debate in England during a period in which republican
ideology challenged monarchy's utility and sanctity: from the time when
England first felt the impact of the French Revolution until the rise
of Napoleon. It analyses the image of the British monarchy which
emerged out of this debate and its contribution to the maintenance of
social and political stability during the 1790s. Much of the
monarchy's strength and endurance can be attributed to the adaptability
of its image, a quality enhanced by George Ill's character and regal
style.
Beginning with the Burke-Paine controversy, this study shows how
arguments on the proper relationship between sovereign and subject were
used to support contentious views on the social hierarchy. Chapter II
assesses the impact of the reformist challenge, inspired by the overthrow
of tyranny in France, upon conservative ideology. Although
notions of the divine nature of the kingly office enjoyed a resurgence,
loyalists were combining these with a new image of George III which
suggested his fulfilment of the reformers' ideals of responsible and
accessible government.
The next three chapters examine the species of republicanism which
developed in England during this period and the impact which repression
had upon reformist attitudes, by charting the vacillations in
reformers' attitudes toward the King. Essentially, the predominance of
moderate members in the reform societies and the alarm raised for the
King's life induced those harbouring republican ideals to adapt them to
the existence of a strongly established monarchy in England. But when
repression continued, the constitutional movement was crushed, leaving
a small underground movement which was republican and revolutionary.
Chapter VII shows how the legal debate on the sanctity and security
of the crown branded reformers as potential regicides and promoted
loyalist vigilance against them. The final chapter looks at the manner
in which royal ceremonial and ritual further supported this spirit of
vigilance and encouraged sentiments and beliefs which helped to
buttress the status quo.
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