Title:
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METEX: An expert system for metamorphic petrography
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Classification of metamorphic rocks is normally carried out using a poorly defined,
subjective classification scheme making this an area in which many undergraduate
geologists experience difficulties. An expert system to assist in such classification is
presented which is capable of classifying rocks and also giving further details about a
particular rock type. A mixed knowledge representation is used with frame, semantic and
production rule systems available. Classification in the domain requires that different
facets of a rock be classified. To implement this, rocks are represented by 'context' frames
with slots representing each facet. Slots are satisfied by calling a pre-defined ruleset to
carry out the necessary inference. The inference is handled by an interpreter which uses a
dependency graph representation for the propagation of evidence. Uncertainty is handled
by the system using a combination of the MYCIN certainty factor system and the
Dempster -Shafer range mechanism. This allows for positive and negative reasoning, with
rules capable of representing necessity and sufficiency of evidence, whilst also allowing
the implementation of an alpha-beta pruning algorithm to guide question selection during
inference. The system also utilizes a semantic net type structure to allow the expert to
encode simple relationships between terms enabling rules to be written with a sensible
level of abstraction.
Using frames to represent rock types where subclassification is possible allows the
knowledge base to be built in a modular t'ashion with subclassirication frames only defined
once the higher level of classification is functioning. Rulesets can similurly be added in
modular fashio'n with the individual rules being essenrially declurative allowing for simple
updating and maintenance. The knowledge base so far developed for metamorphic
classification serves to demonstrate the performance of the interpreter design whilst also
moving some way towards providing a useful assistant to the non-expert metamorphic
petrologist. The system demonstrates the possibilities for a fully developed knowledge
base to handle the classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
The current knowledge base and interpreter have been evaluated by potential users
and experts. The results of the evaluation show that the system performs to an acceptable
level and should be of use as a tool for both undergraduates and rese:1rchers from outside
the metamorphic petrogr:1phy field.
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